Efficient universities manage additional half a million square metres at same cost as three years ago
- University sector management and maintenance costs remain stable for third year running at £2bn despite increase in operational costs and estate size
- UK university estate continues to be transformed to the tune of £3bn providing world-class education to 1.7m students
- Difficult student recruitment period ahead as the number of young people decreases and Brexit poses international student shortage
The University sector continues to transform its estate to meet the demands of teaching and research in a digital 24-hour learning environment but keeps its costs at a three-year low. These cost savings are made despite an extraordinarily challenging political environment, according to the Association of University Directors of Estates’ (AUDE’s) annual report, released today (6 October 2017).
The publication, entitled Higher Education Estates Management Report 2017 spans the academic year 2015-16, and details the evolving profile of the university estate in the UK.
The UK university estate is managing an additional 500,000m2 of space as well as the comprehensive refurbishment of older buildings. Despite this increase in the size and complexity of the university estate, directors of estates have worked to keep costs down, and total property cost (revenue spending) has remained relatively level for the third year in a row at £2.04bn.
The size of the University estate is difficult to envisage, but it is approximately the size of 230,000 three bedroomed houses (CABE dwelling size survey 2010[1]).
KEY STATS
- Estate size increases by 500,000m2 from 21,400,000 to 21,900,000m2 (GIA)
- Total property costs remain at £2.0bn per annum, same as previous 3 years
- Income per m2 (a measure of estate utilisation) continues to rise above the rate of inflation
- Capital expenditure significant in some institutions:
- 20 institutions with the largest capital spend, spent 50% of the total HE sector spend
- 80% of the entire sector’s capital was expended by 54 out of the 154 institutions
- Four institutions spend £100m each a year – Cambridge, Imperial, UCL, Edinburgh
- There has been an increase in estate utilisation of 4% between 2014/15 to 2015/16 and has risen 14% between 2013/14 to 2014/15, as universities make every metre squared work hard to accommodate demand for world-class facilities
- The number of young people available for recruitment from the UK into universities will continue to decrease to a historic low over the next four to five years
Capital expenditure in UK university estate reached £3bn a year for the first time, with funds spent on refurbishing old buildings and also on building newer, more carbon efficient premises to decrease running costs long-term.
Despite the large expenditure figure, the experience of most universities with capital investment will be much more modest, with many directors of estates having to make difficult decisions about what they invest in. These decisions will only become more difficult, according to Mike Clark, AUDE’s chair, and director of estate & facilities management at the University of Brighton.
He said: “Smaller institutions will be keeping a very close eye on their bottom line, choosing between refurbishing older buildings to cut backlog maintenance costs or creating entirely new more carbon-efficient spaces. While it’s likely these decisions cause sleepless nights already, with the threat of further decreased income as a result of the Teaching Excellence Framework’s sanctions, and a historic low in those available to recruit to university, more turbulent times are almost certainly ahead. For many institutions, the challenge will be to develop capital programmes to update their estate whilst student numbers remain level, or for some, even reduce.”
The demographics of the UK show that the number of people available to go to university will continue to reduce for the next four to five years to a historic low, before numbers start to recover again.
Mike Clark continued: “Alongside the uncertainty of Brexit, and studying in the UK a potentially more difficult process than ever before for overseas students, diving efficiency, reducing costs, improving service and increasing the commercial income from the estate will be vital for the survival of many institutions.”
A key driver for the investment is the age of the university estate: approximately one third of the estate was built between 1960 and 1979 and will be at the end of its design life soon, continuing to need substantial refurbishment or replacement and demanding continued capital investment. Overall, however, with investment over recent years, the age of the university estate is now getting younger.
According to the report, the overall figure of healthy expenditure levels may be misleading – with 20 institutions with the largest capital spend of 2015/16, spending 50% of the total capital expenditure. Similarly, 80% of the capital was expended by 54 out of the 154 institutions, and four of the biggest institutions spent a £100m a year each on new buildings – these were the University of Cambridge, Imperial College, University College London and University of Edinburgh.
George Griffith, head of university consulting at CBRE, who was involved in authoring the report said: “Wages make up a large part of total property costs and as salary costs increase, so do overarching operating costs. This will be greater impact for those institutions where income is not increasing at the same rate as costs, and universities will have to be very focussed on the size of their estate, ensuring they match their estate to the demands of the staff and students."
Other report highlights include:
- In terms of employment, the HE sector employs 330,000 full time equivalent members of staff. Against the UK’s total employment of 31million, this represents 1% of total employment.
- The number of students (taught and research) totals 1,710,000 full time equivalent students. If all these people were in one place it would be the 4th largest city in the UK (http://www.citymetric.com/skylines/where-are-largest-cities-britain-1404) after London (9.7m) Birmingham (2.4m) Manchester 1.9m and above Glasgow (1.1m))
- The cost of running the university estate amounts to over £2bn per year. The largest costs are:
- Repairs and maintenance £701m
- Energy costs £376m
- Cleaning costs £244m
- Security costs £154m
- Management costs £304m
- The total number of HE owned and managed beds on the residential estate amounts to 261,000 beds (I.e. of the institutions’ own halls of residence), with a further 110,000 which the sector leases directly from the private sector.
Sir Ian Diamond, principal and vice-chancellor of the University of Aberdeen commented on the report, saying: “The university estate is today, so much more than it has ever been. It is comprised of everything from innovative and impressive learning, teaching and research facilities, social spaces, entertainment venues, sports facilities, restaurants and cafes, theatres, libraries, hospitality and residential accommodation to space for start-up companies, enterprise space and collaboration spaces with business and companies. Universities will continue to evolve and be dynamic in the face of changing demographics, funding and political upheaval, and directors of estates will strive to provide excellence in facilities alongside world-class education.”
For further information please visit www.aude.ac.uk
[1] http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110118111538/http://www.cabe.org.uk/files/dwelling-size-survey.pdf